Wolf predation on domestic animals is a main reason for human-wolf conflict throughout the global range of wolves (Canis lupus). We conducted research in Daursky State Nature Biosphere Reserve and Valley of Dzeren Nature Refuge to evaluate the extent of wolf-livestock conflict. We documented 64 cases of livestock predation by wolves between 2015 and 2019 and analyzed the patterns of conflicts and people’s attitude towards wolves. A total of 283 livestock were killed by wolves, with an annual mean of 55.4 (SD = ± 1.44) animals/yr and a mean frequency of attack of 12.8 ± 3.89 attacks/yr. Sheep were the main prey of wolves, comprising 77.4 % of the total number of livestock killed. Among cattle and horses, wolves preferred to kill juveniles rather than adults (χ2 = 140.2, df = 2, P < 0.001). We found no significant difference between type of livestock killed by wolves by season (χ2 = 5.53, df = 3, P = 0.4776). Predations only occurred in situations where there were no protective actions, like a shepherd or protective corral. The mean annual rate of livestock lost by predation was 0.281 % (SD = ± 0.007). Attitudes towards wolves were mostly neutral to negative. The higher the level of income estimated by respondents (y = -0.242x + 0.98; R2 = 0.99; F = 203.3; P = 0.005), the less negative the attitude towards wolf. To effectively reduce depredation, we suggest improving management actions, especially increased surveillance. We also discuss other management measures to mitigate livestock depredation.
Wolf depredation on livestock in Daursky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Russia
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